The ankle joint is made up of the tibia, fibula, and talus, forming a structure that supports body weight during movement. Damage to this joint affects daily mobility. Ankle fractures are frequent injuries ranging from single simple breaks to complex cases involving multiple bones.
What Is an Ankle Fracture?
An ankle fracture is a break in one or more ankle bones, most often the tibia, fibula, or talus. Fractures can be categorized as either simple or complex. A simple fracture involves a single break in one bone, such as the fibula or tibia, without additional damage to other structures of the ankle. Complex fractures involve breaks in two or more of these bones. The involvement of multiple bones can impact joint stability and may be associated with injuries to surrounding ligaments.
How Can They Be Caused?
Ankle fractures can occur from numerous incidents. The cause may give clues about severity and complexity. Twisting or rotating the ankle is a common mechanism, and something as simple as an uneven surface or an awkward landing might result in a break.
Sports involving rapid directional changes, jumping, or sudden stops commonly result in ankle injuries. Basketball, soccer, and football are typical settings in which these injuries might be observed. A direct impact can also break one or more of the ankle bones. This can include a heavy object landing on the foot or a strong blow during a tackle. Motor vehicle accidents generate a great amount of force, making severe types of fractures more likely. Falls from heights similarly concentrate energy on the ankle upon landing, resulting in complex breaks.
How Is One Treated?
Treatment for an ankle fracture focuses on which bones are broken and the degree of ankle joint stability. Stable fractures, where displaced fragments are minimal or absent, are often treated non-surgically. Immobilization using a cast or walking boot helps the bone heal while keeping the ankle in position, and patients may need to keep weight off the ankle for a period of time.
Unstable fractures with displaced bones or misalignment usually prompt surgical intervention. Open reduction and internal fixation is a standard procedure in which a surgeon repositions bone fragments and secures them with hardware, including plates, screws, or rods. This holds the bones steady as healing occurs.
Postoperative management often involves immobilization and restricted weight-bearing, followed by a rehabilitation period with physical therapy to restore mobility and strength. The specific approach and duration of treatment differ depending on injury complexity, the number and type of bones involved, and overall joint condition.
Consult With a Foot Specialist
Recovery from an ankle fracture is shaped by injury severity and the treatment provided. Physical therapy forms a key part of rehabilitation. It helps to restore joint motion and gradually rebuild muscle strength. Adherence to follow-up care supports the overall healing and rehabilitation process. If you sustain an ankle or foot injury, consulting a foot and ankle specialist can provide a timely, accurate diagnosis. They can guide the selection of a treatment plan that matches your needs.
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