Prostate cancer originates in the prostate, a small walnut-shaped gland in males that produces seminal fluid. This cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer among men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB). Some types of cancer may grow slowly, requiring minimal to no treatment, while other types may spread more quickly. Widespread cancer cells commonly need more advanced treatment options. Detecting this cancer when it is still confined to the gland can help medical teams treat it more effectively. Here is information on prostate cancer that separates common misconceptions from medical facts:
Myth: Prostate Cancer Always Has Symptoms
One misconception is that prostate cancer will always present clear warning signs, but for many, early-stage cancer may cause no signs or symptoms at all. Men and AMAB individuals may assume they are healthy because they feel fine, but routine health screenings are still necessary. As this cancer advances, it may cause signs such as:
- Trouble Urinating
- Blood in the Urine or Semen
- Bone Pain
- Erectile Dysfunction
The exact causes of cancer are not fully understood by researchers, but they know it begins when cells in the prostate develop changes in their DNA. The accumulated abnormal cells form a tumor that can grow and invade nearby tissue. Some abnormal cells can break away and spread to other parts of the body over time. The effects of untreated cancer can be severe, potentially spreading to other areas, which complicates treatment.
Myth: Only Older Men Can Get Cancer
While age is a risk factor, assuming that men under 65 are immune to prostate cancer is factually incorrect. Although the risk increases as you age, younger men can and do develop this disease. It’s fundamental for people of all ages to understand their personal risk profile to effectively care for their overall health.
How Genetics Affects Your Risk
Your genetic background plays a pivotal role in determining your likelihood of developing prostate cancer. If a close relative, like a parent, sibling, or child, has been diagnosed with this cancer, your risk is increased. Those with a strong family history of breast cancer or those who carry genes that increase the risk of breast cancer (BRCA1 or BRCA2) may also have a higher risk of this cancer. Race also appears to be a factor, as Black men have a greater risk of prostate cancer than men of other races.
When To Get an Evaluation
AMAB people and men should get a cancer screening around age 50 if they are at average risk. Those at high risk, such as those with a father or brother diagnosed with prostate cancer before age 65, should start the conversation at age 45. Those with more than one first-degree relative who had cancer at an early age may benefit from discussing screenings even earlier.
Myth: Only Surgery Can Treat Cancer
Many people may think that a diagnosis automatically leads to invasive surgery, but there are many treatment options tailored to the stage and grade of the cancer. Surgery to remove the prostate is just one path. Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy to kill cancer cells, while hormone therapy stops the body from producing the hormone testosterone. Testosterone is what cancer cells in the prostate rely on to grow.
For those with low-risk cancer, active surveillance is an option. This involves monitoring the cancer closely with regular blood tests, rectal exams, and biopsies, only initiating treatment if the cancer shows signs of progression. Other treatments include:
- Cryotherapy
- Chemotherapy
- Immunotherapy
Treatment plans depend on several factors, including how fast the cancer is growing and how much it has spread.
Schedule an Appointment With an Oncology Specialist
There are many myths surrounding prostate cancer and health. Professional guidance through regular check-ups and open communication with providers can help you detect issues and create a plan. If you have concerns about your risk, schedule a consultation with an oncology specialist to discuss your screening options today.
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